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Ada - A computer language designed as a standard for U.S. government and NATO procurements. Ada is a required language for mission-critical projects. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Included with permission from: Gartner Group "Information Technology Glossary" Executive Reference 1993 Related Terms: Ada - computer | mission | program | AMIS - Agricultural Markets Intelligence System, a computer system and database within CADDIA on the management and market data of the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF). Acronym: AMIS Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: AMIS - international | trade | Antilock Braking System - Computer, sensors and solenoid valves which together monitor wheel speed and modulate braking force if wheel lockup is sensed during braking. Helps the driver retain control of the vehicle during heavy braking on slippery roads. Acronym: ABS Reference: Truck Writers of North America (TWNA)Related Terms: Antilock Braking System - truck | trucking | vehicle | Bulletin Board Service - A bulletin board is similar to a network and thus Internet. Requirements for a bulletin board are a computer, modem, and preferably bulletin board software. A bulletin board can contain directories of files (for user downloading) and e-mail facilities (where users can exchange/or post messages). Based on their access Acronym: BBS Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Bulletin Board Service - computer | internet | network | software | CASSIOPE - Computer Aided System for Scheduling, Information and Operation of Public Transport in Europe, a DRIVE project on urban public transport systems. Acronym: CASSIOPE Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: CASSIOPE - international | trade | CIM - Computer Integrated Manufacturing, an ESPRIT project on the use of information technology in industrial environments. Acronym: CIM Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: CIM - international | trade | Computer Disk ROM Drives - A CD (computer disk or compact disk) for a computer is a disk similar in function to a diskette such as a 3 1/4 diskette, but which uses compact disk technology to store large amounts (600 mbs) of read-only data. A CD ROM drive is the computer hardware that Acronym: CD
Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency
Related Terms: Computer Disk ROM Drives - computer | hardware | read-only memory | Computer Graphics Metafile - This file format standard is a two-dimensional picture description or vector-oriented illustration data delivered in digital format. CGM is suited for illustrations often found in training, maintenance, and technical manuals. [MIL-D-28003, ISO 8632.1-4, FIPS 128-1] 1994. Fairfax CALS Shared Resource Center, 1994 "An Introduction to CALS: The Strategy and Acronym: CGM Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Computer Graphics Metafile - computer | military | software | vector graphics | Computer Resources Support - The facilities, hardware, system software, software development and support tools, documentation, and people needed to operate and support an embedded computer system. Reference: Air Force Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Acquisition and LogisticsRelated Terms: Computer Resources Support - acquisition | integrated logistics support | logistics | military | Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistic Support - CALS is a global strategy to further enterprise integration through the streamlining of business processes and the application of standards and technologies for the development, management, exchange, and use of business and technical information. Now called Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support. Acronym: CALS Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistic Support - acquisition | business | continuous acquisition and life-cycle support | life cycle | logistics | process | standard | support | Computer-Aided Design (1) - The application of information technology to elements of the design process for manufactured, assembled, and constructed products, covering both drafting applications (in the creation, modification, storage, and production of engineering and other technical drawings) and modeling (the generation and use of full three-dimensional models). Acronym: CAD Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Included with permission from Joan Smith, "An Introduction to CALS: The Strategy and the Standards", 1990Related Terms: Computer-Aided Design (1) - computer | design | engineering | manufacturing | technology | Computer-Aided Engineering - The application of information technology to elements of the design and engineering process. It includes all types of performance systems, e.g., heat transfer, structural, electromagnetic, aeronautics, and acoustic analysis. Acronym: CAE Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Fairfax CALS Shared Resource Center, 1994Related Terms: Computer-Aided Engineering - computer | design | manufacturing | technology | Computer-Aided Manufacturing (1) - The application of information technology to the control and management of manufacturing processes, normally restricted to the control of machine tools such as lathes and mills, where the tool is directly controlled by a computer. Acronym: CAM Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Included with permission from Joan Smith, "An Introduction to CALS: The Strategy and the Standards", 1990Related Terms: Computer-Aided Manufacturing (1) - computer | design | engineering | manufacturing | technology | Computer-Aided Software Engineering - CASE is an umbrella term for a collection of tools and techniques which are said by their distributors to promise revolutionary gains in analyst and programmer productivity. The two prominent delivered technologies are application generators and PC-based workstations that provide graphics-oriented automation of the front end of the development Acronym: CASE Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Included with permission from: Gartner Group "Information Technology Glossary" Executive Reference 1993Related Terms: Computer-Aided Software Engineering - computer | design | engineering | program | software | Computer-Based Training - Training which is delivered via a computer. Computer-based training includes tutorials, drill and practice, simulations, testing and may also include embedded training. Computer-based training programs are already delivered in digital form to the government. Acronym: CBT Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Department of Defense, United States Government Adapted from: "Military Handbook 59-B", 1993Related Terms: Computer-Based Training - computer | education | training | Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (1) - The application of information technology to the management of complete systems or subsystems within a manufacturing environment, characterized by the integration of many separate applications such as CAD, CAM, CAE, and robotics together with commercial applications such as stock control, spares ordering, and process planning. Acronym: CIM Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Included with permission from Joan Smith, "An Introduction to CALS: The Strategy and the Standards", 1990Related Terms: Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (1) - computer | computer-aided design | integration | management | manufacturing | technology | Continuous Acquisition and Life-Cycle Support - CALS is a global strategy to further enterprise integration through the streamlining of business processes and the application of standards and technologies for the development, management, exchange, and use of business and technical information. Formerly Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistic Support. Acronym: CALS Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Continuous Acquisition and Life-Cycle Support - acquisition | computer-aided acquisition and logistic support | business | life cycle | logistics | process | standard | support | Customs Handling of Import and Export Freight - A computerized system for handling the tranport of freight into and across the EC, in operation in 1991. Acronym: CHIEF Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Customs Handling of Import and Export Freight - international | trade | Destination System - The computer hardware, software, and network receiving transferred data. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Department of Defense, United States Government "Military Handbook 59-B", 1993Related Terms: Destination System - computer | data | hardware | network | software | system | Distributed Systems - Refers to computer systems in multiple locations throughout an organization working in a cooperative fashion, with the system at each location serving the needs of that location but also able to receive information from other systems, and supply information to other systems within the network. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Included with permission from: Gartner Group "Information Technology Glossary" Executive Reference, 1993Related Terms: Distributed Systems - data | data base | distributed database | network | software | system | EDI For Administration, Commerce and Transport - United Nations rules for Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport. They comprise a set of internationally agreed upon standards, directories and guidelines for the electronic interchange of structured data related to trade in goods and services between independent computerized information systems. [ISO 9735]UN/EDIFACT Introduction to UN/EDIFACT with Acronym: EDIFACT Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: EDI For Administration, Commerce and Transport - commerce | data | electronic data interchange | electronic funds transfer | international | standard | transport | transportation | Electronic Data Interchange (1) - The business-to-business interconnection of computers for the rapid exchange of a wide variety of documents, from bills of lading to build tickets at auto plants. Acronym: EDI Reference: Truck Writers of North America (TWNA)Related Terms: Electronic Data Interchange (1) - electronic commerce | trucking | Electronic Data Interchange (2) - The inter-organizational, computer-to-computer exchange of structured information in a standard, machine-processable format. [Standards include EDIFACT and ANSI X.12] AECMA 2000M] EDI World Institute, 1994.:ArborText. Acronym: EDI Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Electronic Data Interchange (2) - business | commerce | communications | electronic commerce | exchange | interchange | interface | management | protocol | standard | telecommunications | trade | Energy Sciences Network - This is a Department of Energy (DOE) system that provides the full text of select DOE documents. Many of these documents are related to computers and information policy. It also contains gateways to a variety of energy-related sources and downloadable public domain software. Acronym: ESnet Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Energy Sciences Network - energy | government | network | policy | File Transfer Protocol (1) - A way of transferring files between computers. A protocol that describes file transfers between a host and a remote computer. It is also used to program based on this protocol. Acronym: FTP Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: File Transfer Protocol (1) - computer | communications | data | gopher | internet | protocol | software | Firewall - A computer system that sits between the Internet and a company's LAN. It is a means of automatically limiting what a company's computer system will pass along to outside computer systems. It acts as an active gateway to keep non-company entities from accessing company confidential data. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Firewall - computer | hardware | local area network | network | security | software | Flexible Computer Integrated Manufacturing - FCIM is the integration of equipment, software, communication, human resources, and business practices within an enterprise to rapidly manufacture, repair, and deliver items on demand with continuous improvements in the processes. The FCIM initiative is a Joint Service and Agency effort to establish and implement the procedures and processes Acronym: FCIM Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Included with permission from: National Security Industrial Association "CALS Expo '93, Proceedings and Reference"_Related Terms: Flexible Computer Integrated Manufacturing - business | computer | computer-aided manufacturing | computer-integrated manufacturing | integration | management | policy | quality | software | Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile - The U.S. government's OSI protocols that address communication and inter-operation of computer systems across government agencies; they mandate that network procurements comply with the Open System Interconnection model. [ed. The Canadian Government also endorses GOSIP] .e. TBITS.] Technology Glossary" Executive Reference, 1993. Acronym: GOSIP Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile - communications | computer | government | information management | network | procurement | Information Superhighway - The Information Superhighway is a network that will potentially connect every government agency, business, and citizen providing a means of rapid access to information (in digital form) and electronic communication to every business and citizen in the country. This vision is an unprecedented nationwide (and ultimately worldwide) electronic communications Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Information Superhighway - commerce | communications | electronic commerce | information management | internet | marketing | telecommunications | trade | world wide web | Integrated Logistics Support (1) - ILS is a management function that provides planning, funding, and functioning controls which help to assure that the system meets performance requirements, is developed at a reasonable price, and can be supported throughout its life cycle. The major goal of ILS is to ensure that all elements of support Acronym: ILS Reference: Air Force Institute of Technology, Graduate School of Acquisition and LogisticsRelated Terms: Integrated Logistics Support (1) - acquisition | integrated logistics support | logistics | military | Intelligent Transportation Systems - Blanket term for a wide array of technologies, including electronic sensors, computer hardware and software and radio communications. The purpose of IVHS is to increase efficiency of use of existing highways, reducing travel time, fuel consumption, air pollution and accidents. There are five functional areas: Advanced Public Transportation Systems Acronym: ITS Reference: Truck Writers of North America (TWNA)Related Terms: Intelligent Transportation Systems - automatic vehicle identification | automated vehicle location | intelligent vehicle highway systems | trucking | weight-in-motion | Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems - Blanket term for a wide array of technologies, including electronic sensors, computer hardware and software and radio communications. The purpose of IVHS is to increase efficiency of use of existing highways, reducing travel time, fuel consumption, air pollution and accidents. There are five functional areas: Advanced Public Transportation Systems Acronym: IVHS Reference: Truck Writers of North America (TWNA)Related Terms: Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems - automatic vehicle identification | automated vehicle location | intelligent transportation systems | trucking | weight-in-motion | Internet (1) - An electronic network of computers that includes nearly every university, government, and research facility in the world. Also include are many commercial sites. The Internet is the closest thing that we have the Information Superhighway. It started with four interconnected computers in 1969 and was known as ARPAnet. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Internet (1) - ARPANet | communications | computer | hardware | information management | internic | markup | network | protocol | software | telecommunications | whois | world wide web | Joint Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistic Support - The JCALS program is the Department of Defense's lead system for implementation of CALS. The functionality of JCALS will provide automation of technical manuals and other maintenance documents. Fairfax CALS Shared Resource Center, 1994. Acronym: JCALS Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Joint Computer-Aided Acquisition and Logistic Support - acquisition | continuous acquisition and life-cycle support | defense | department of defense | military | maintenance | manufacturing | support | technology | Joint Engineering Data Management Information and Computer System - The standard DoD program for management of engineering drawings and related technical data. It automates the DoD's engineering data repositories using an integrated suite of off-the-shelf hardware and software. This system enables improved acquisition, storage, update, and retrieval of technical information. Plans call for installation of JEDMICS at 25 Acronym: JEDMICS Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Department of Defense, United States Government, Final Coordination Draft CALS Strategic Plan, 1993Related Terms: Joint Engineering Data Management Information and Computer System - commercial off the shelf | computer | data | department of defense | engineering | hardware | management | manufacturing | software | system | technology | Life-Cycle Management System - A set of processes (which may include computer-aided software engineering tools) which facilitate the creation, tailoring, and navigation of a system development life cycle. A life cycle management system may take the form of an integrated project support environment or an estimating system linked to a project scheduling and Acronym: CMS Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Life-Cycle Management System - acquisition | engineering | logistics | management | software | system | process | Local Area Network (1) - A user-owned and operated data transmission facility connecting a number of communicating devices (e.g. computers, terminals, word processors, printers, and mass storage units) within a single building or campus of buildings. Acronym: LAN Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Included with the permission of: Gartner Group, Inc Information Technology Glossary Executive Reference, 1993Related Terms: Local Area Network (1) - business | computer | data | information management | internet | network | wide area network | Modulator-Demodulator - A device that converts digital signals from a computer to analog signals for transmission over phone lines. Acronym: MODEM Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Modulator-Demodulator - communications | computer | data | hardware | internet | software | telecommunications | world wide web | National Information Infrastructure - A concept conceived by the Clinton Administration and an alliance of computer, software, cable, and phone companies. The proposed concept would be the electronic network of tomorrow and would use phone line, cable systems, and high-speed data-networks to link everyone, including government agencies, universities, company presidents, and private citizens. Acronym: NII Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: National Information Infrastructure - computer | education | hardware | marketing | network | software | telecommunications | National Institute of Standards and Technology - Created in 1901 as the National Bureau of Standards and renamed in 1988, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) works to strengthen U.S. industry's international competitiveness, advance science, and improve public health, safety and the environment. NIST conducts science and engineering research in commercially important fields such Acronym: NIST Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Sharon J Kemmerer Department of Commerce, United States Government "CALS Testing Programs, Status and Strategy" October 1992Related Terms: National Institute of Standards and Technology - business | government | industry | international | standard | technology | trade | Node (1) - A Node is a termination point for two or more communication links. The Node serves as the control location for forwarding data among the elements of a network or multiple networks, as well as perform other networking, and in some cases, local processing functions. In systems network architecture, a Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Included with permission from: Gartner Group "Information Technology Glossary" Executive Reference, 1993Related Terms: Node (1) - communications | computer | data | hardware | internet | network | software | Office Document Architecture/Office Document Interchange Format - An explicit document architecture and interchange format standard which allows exchange of compound documents (i.e., documents composed of various content types, such as character, raster graphics, and geometric (Computer) graphics content. Acronym: ODA/ODIF Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Fairfax CALS Shared Resource Center, 1994Related Terms: Office Document Architecture/Office Document Interchange Format - computer | document | graphics standard | system | On-Board Computer - Cab-mounted device which electronically or mechanically records data such as truck speed, engine rpm, idle time and other information useful to trucking management. Reference: Truck Writers of North America (TWNA)Related Terms: On-Board Computer - trip recorder | trucking | Optical Character Recognition - The ability of a computer to recognize written characters through some optical-sensing device and pattern recognition software. Acronym: OCR Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Included with permission from: Gartner Group "Information Technology Glossary" Executive Reference, 1993Related Terms: Optical Character Recognition - computer | document | hardware | software | Packet Internet Gopher - A TCP/IP utility that sends packets of information to a computer on a network. It can be used to determine if a computer is connected to the Internet. Acronym: PING Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Packet Internet Gopher - gopher | information | internet | network | protocol | transmission control protocol/internet protocol | world wide web | PREMO - A proposed international standard that specifies techniques for creating audiovisual interactive applications that recognize and emphasize the interrelationships among user interfaces, multimedia applications, and multimedia information interchange. PREMO includes interfaces for external storage, retrieval, and interchange of multimedia objects. The objective of PREMO is to consider the needs of Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Included with permission from: National Security Industrial Association "CALS Expo '93, Proceedings and Reference"Related Terms: PREMO - graphics standard | interface | international | multimedia | standard | Random-Access Memory - Thought of as temporary memory because when the computer is turned off, all data stored in RAM is lost. To run a computer software application, it must be loaded into RAM. All computer programs (software) have a minimum RAM requirement. Acronym: RAM Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Random-Access Memory - computer | hardware | media | read-only memory | software | Read-Only Memory - A type of computer storage that is not available to the user for writing. That is, the user of ROM can access and use data which is stored in ROM, but can not change the data. Computer CDs use ROM. Once data is placed in ROM it remains and Acronym: ROM Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Read-Only Memory - computer | hardware | media | random-access memory | software | Source System - The computer hardware, software, and network that will structure technical information for interchange. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Department of Defense, United States Government "Military Handbook 59-A" 1993Related Terms: Source System - computer | hardware | interchange | network | software | system | System (1) - Specific suite of computer hardware and software. As used in the terms "Source System" and "Destination System," the term does not necessarily correspond one to one with "site" or "base" in that most prime contractor sites and DoD installations have more than one system. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Department of Defense, United States Government "Military Standard 1840-B" 1992Related Terms: System (1) - computer | contracting | department of defense | hardware | software | Technical Data (1) - Recorded information, regardless of form or method of the recording of a scientific or technical nature (including software documentation). The term does not include computer software or data incidental to contract administration, such as financial and/or management information. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Department of Defense, United States Government "Military Handbook 59-A" 1993Related Terms: Technical Data (1) - acquisition | data | engineering | maintenance | manufacturing | product data | production | software | technical data package | technical manual | Telnet (1) - A terminal emulation protocol that lets you logon to other computers on the internet. Once logged on you can retrieve files from or send files to that remote computer. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Telnet (1) - communications | computer | internet | protocol | software | world wide web | Text-Graphics Integration - The necessary indexing and linkages between a computer readable text file and a separate computer readable graphics file, or graphics subsection of the same text file, such that both portions can be output or updated as a single, apparently continuous, unit. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Department of Defense, United States Government "Military Handbook 59-A" 1993Related Terms: Text-Graphics Integration - computer | document | file | graphics standard | information | integration | text file | Vehicle Maintenance Reporting Standards - Set of codes developed to facilitate computerized tracking of parts and labor used in equipment repair. Established and maintained by the American Trucking Associations. Acronym: VMRS Reference: Truck Writers of North America (TWNA)Related Terms: Vehicle Maintenance Reporting Standards - maintenance | trucking | Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Netwide Index to Computerized Archives - A search tool (like archie) that searches text that appears in Gopher menus. Acronym: VERONICA Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Netwide Index to Computerized Archives - archie | gopher | internet | world wide web | Web Browser - Computer software for viewing web pages and other forms of information on the world wide web.Related Terms: Web Browser - client software | computer | internet | server | software | web page | web site | world wide web | X.25 - A data communication protocol that ensures data integrity while data is being transmitted to, from and within the network. This standard defines the interconnection of packet-switching networks and their associated computers or terminals. These types of networks make efficient use of the telecommunications networks by taking the data generated Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: X.25 - computer | data | exchange | interface | network | protocol | standard | telecommunications | X.400 | X.500 | X.400 - Defines the special rules for transmission of a message which may include text, pictures, and graphics, and allows information to be transmitted between computers, without specific manufacturer restrictions. [Ed. a series of recommendations from CCITT]. Adapted from: "Canadian Participation in the Development of EDI Standards" 1991. Included with permission Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: X.400 - computer | data | exchange | interface | network | protocol | standard | telecommunications | X.25 | X.500 |
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