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Air - A transportation medium; the atmosphere; or the area between earth and space. Related Terms: Air - aircraft | airport | medium | transportation | Association Agreements - Originally agreements between the EC and European states which at the time had not rejected the future possibility of applying for EC membership. They involve reciprocal arrangements for imports and exports within a customs union. Agreements are supervised by an Association Council representing both parties. The similar agreements with Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Association Agreements - international | trade | Blair House Agreement - A compromise settlement between the USA and the EC in 1993 on an agricultural trade structure to rescue the possible collapse of the Uruguay Round of talks within the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Blair House Agreement - international | trade | Block Exemptions - Agreements between the EC and other countries which include exemptions from the general prohibition by the EC of restrictive trade agreements. Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Block Exemptions - international | trade | Business Cooperation Centre - A liaison office of the Commission providing both it and European enterprsies with information on regulations and marketing, also operating a Business Cooperation Network (BC-NET) to encourage collaboration between enterprises. Acronym: BCC Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Business Cooperation Centre - international | trade | Cassis de Dijon - A 1979 ruling (Rewe-Zentral AG v. Bundesmonopolverwaltung fr Branntwein) by the Court of Justice that where a product is manufactured and legally on sale in one Member State, another Member State cannot prohibit its import and sale, except on the grounds that it constitutes a risk to public health. Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Cassis de Dijon - international | trade | Common Carrier (1) - Freight transportation company which serves the general public. May be regular route service (over designated highways on a regular basis) or irregular route (between various points on an unscheduled basis). Reference: Truck Writers of North America (TWNA)Related Terms: Common Carrier (1) - carrier | freight | trucking | Common Carrier Legislation - Requires energy transmission systems to carry energy between any third party supplier and the consumer at a reasonable tariff. Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Common Carrier Legislation - international | trade | Common Fisheries Policy - Established in 1983 for a twenty-year period, and focusing on access to and the preservation of fish stocks. While all EC waters were to be open to all EC fishermen (except for a limited coastal range), fishing was governed by the Total Allowable Catch (TAC), a quota system for Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Common Fisheries Policy - international | trade | Communication Protocol - The rules governing the exchange of information between devices on a data link. Acronym: CP Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Fairfax CALS Shared Resource Center, 1994Related Terms: Communication Protocol - communication | communications | computer | data | hardware | telecommunications | Community Programme for Education and Training in Technology - Established in 1986, a programme to promote cross-national cooperation and partnerships between enterprises and universities in the training of students in new technologies, mainly through the provision of work experience in another EC country. Acronym: COMETT Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Community Programme for Education and Training in Technology - international | trade | Competition Policy - The objective of achieving a balance between imposing necessary restrictions upon unrestrained economic competition, and the removal of damaging restrictive economic practices by enterprises and governments that prevent a coherent integration of the EC market. It is underwritten by the EC treaties, which give the Commission substantial investigatory and Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Competition Policy - international | trade | Contract - An legally-binding agreement between two parties.Related Terms: Contract - clause | terms of agreement | Customs Union - An economic structure whereby states agree to belong to a single tariff aream with no customs duties between them. The EC customs union was largely in place by 1968. Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Customs Union - international | trade | Dot Pitch - Dot pitch is the space between pixels. The smaller the number, the sharper the image will appear. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Dot Pitch - computer | hardware | software | Eco-Counsellors - People appointed in twelve selected cities to conduct public relations exercises on environment policy during the European Year of the Environment (EYE). Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Eco-Counsellors - international | trade | EDI - Electronic Data Interchange, a linkage between EC chemical industries and their trading partners. Acronym: EDI Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: EDI - international | trade | EDI For Administration, Commerce and Transport - United Nations rules for Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and Transport. They comprise a set of internationally agreed upon standards, directories and guidelines for the electronic interchange of structured data related to trade in goods and services between independent computerized information systems. [ISO 9735]UN/EDIFACT Introduction to UN/EDIFACT with Acronym: EDIFACT Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: EDI For Administration, Commerce and Transport - commerce | data | electronic data interchange | electronic funds transfer | international | standard | transport | transportation | Electronic Funds Transfer (1) - Electronic movement of data between banks which results in a value transfer between accounts. Acronym: EFT Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Source: Corporate EFT/Financial EDI Conference, Resource Book , 1994Related Terms: Electronic Funds Transfer (1) - commerce | data | electronic commerce | electronic data interchange | financial | interchange | trade | Enterprise Integration - Is the removal of organizational, process, and informational barriers to the smooth and effective flow of material and products between the activities of an enterprise. Acronym: EI Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency IDA (Institute for Defense Analysis)Related Terms: Enterprise Integration - business | integration | management | operations management | organization | quality | systems management | European Economic Area - An agreement in 1991 between the EC and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) to form a free trade area in all but agriculture. Previously called the European Economic Space. Acronym: EEA Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: European Economic Area - international | trade | Exclusive Agreements - Purchasing, market-sharing or distribution agreements between countries which are prohibited by EC competition policy. Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Exclusive Agreements - international | trade | File Transfer Protocol (1) - A way of transferring files between computers. A protocol that describes file transfers between a host and a remote computer. It is also used to program based on this protocol. Acronym: FTP Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: File Transfer Protocol (1) - computer | communications | data | gopher | internet | protocol | software | File Transfer, Access and Management - The Open Systems Interconnection standard for file transfer (i.e., the communication of an entire file between systems), file access (i.e., the ability to remotely access one or more records in a file) and management (e.g., the ability to create/delete, name/rename a file). Acronym: FTAM Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Included with permission from: Gartner Group "Information Technology Glossary" Executive Reference, 1993Related Terms: File Transfer, Access and Management - communications | file | file transfer protocol | internet | management | network | Firewall - A computer system that sits between the Internet and a company's LAN. It is a means of automatically limiting what a company's computer system will pass along to outside computer systems. It acts as an active gateway to keep non-company entities from accessing company confidential data. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Firewall - computer | hardware | local area network | network | security | software | Free Trade - Trade between nations without customs duties or tariffs.Related Terms: Free Trade - customs | duty | export | foreign trade zone | free trade zone | free zone | goods | import | international | merchandise | port | tariff | trade | GALENO 2000 - An GAM '92. Established in 1992 to promote cooperation between customs officials to combat illegal trade, especially in armaments, pornography and strategic goods. Acronym: GALENO 2000 Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: GALENO 2000 - international | trade | IDEF0 - A functional modeling method for complex manufacturing environment which when graphically represented show the structural relationships between the manufacturing processes. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Source: Department of Trade and Industry, United Kingdom "Open Systems in Manufacturing"Related Terms: IDEF0 - IDEF1 | manufacturing | model | modeling | process | Inland - A term used to differentiate between the land and water segments of a transshipment; the domestic segment of a transshipment; a domestic shipment; on land; by land; over land; within the boundaries of a body of land; within a continent, country or region.Related Terms: Inland - domestic | freight | land | shipment | trade | transshipment | water | Integration - Can be described as consisting of three main components: physical integration, the connection of the hardware; data integration, the ready exchange of data between applications without loss of functionality; and lastly business integration, the integration of the functions needed to support decisions, monitor and control business. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Source: Department of Trade and Industry, United Kingdom "Open Systems in Manufacturing"Related Terms: Integration - acquisition | data | design | distribution | engineering | inventory | logistics | management | manufacturing | operations management | production | system | systems management | warehousing | International - Between or among countries.Related Terms: International - global | interstate | intrastate | trade | world wide | Inter-operability Testing - Inter-operability testing addresses the problem of data interchange between two vendor products within a data system, or between two data systems. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Included with permission from: Education Working Group, US CALS/CE Industry Steering Group Adapted from "Electronic Blue Book" 1993Related Terms: Inter-operability Testing - acquisition | data | engineering | manufacturing | product | software | system | INTERPRISE - An initiative for encouraging transnational partnerships between industries and services. Acronym: INTERPRISE Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: INTERPRISE - international | trade | Inter-University Cooperation Programmes - Partnership agreements between education institutes within the European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students (ERASMUS). Acronym: ICP, ICPs Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Inter-University Cooperation Programmes - international | trade | Letter Of Agreement - A document executed between two or more parties outlining specific agreements relating to the accomplishment of an action. Acronym: LOA Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Fairfax CALS Shared Resource Center, 1994Related Terms: Letter Of Agreement - contract | contracting | enterprise | management | organization | Network for Environmental Technology Transfer - An initiative on developing and applying environmentally friendly technologies through improved collaboration between industries and scientists. Acronym: NETT Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Network for Environmental Technology Transfer - international | trade | Network News Transport Protocol - An extension of the TCP/IP protocol that describes how newsgroup messages are transported between compatible servers. Acronym: NNTP Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Network News Transport Protocol - communications | computer | electronic mail | internet | newsgroup | protocol | transmission control protocol/internet protocol | world wide web | NIMEXE - The nomenclature of goods for the external trade statistics of the EC and of trade between the Member States, absorbed in 1988 into the Combined Nomenclature(CN). Acronym: NIMEXE Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: NIMEXE - international | trade | Pallet - A wooden or lightweight metal base or platform assembly for storing, moving, or transporting goods; a load of goods assembled on a pallet; a skid.Related Terms: Pallet - cargo | freight | goods | load | pallet jack | transport | PAMINA - A 1992 project on cross-national collaboration between adjacent border regions on the environment, tourism and transport. Acronym: PAMINA Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: PAMINA - international | trade | Pup Trailer - Short semitrailer, usually between 26 and 32 feet long, with a single axle. Reference: Truck Writers of North America (TWNA)Related Terms: Pup Trailer - trailer | trucking | Relational Database - A database system in which the database is organized and accessed according to the relationships between data items without the need for any consideration of physical orientation and relationship. Relationships between data items are expressed by means of tables. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Included with permission from: Gartner Group "Information Technology Glossary" Executive Reference 1993Related Terms: Relational Database - computer | data | data base | information | relational database management system | software | Relational Database Management System - A database management system in which the database is organized and accessed according to the relationships between data items. In a relational database, relationships between data items are expressed by means of tables. Interdependencies among these tables are expressed by data values rather than by pointers. This allows a Acronym: RDBMS Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Included with permission from: Gartner Group "Information Technology Glossary" Executive Reference 1993Related Terms: Relational Database Management System - data | data base | information management | relational database | system | Restitutions - Export subsidies or refunds paid to EC exporters to cover the difference between what they must pay to Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) producers and the lower prices at which they must sell on the world markets. Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Restitutions - international | trade | Router - Hardware/software solution that directs messages between LANs. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Router - computer | hardware | interface | local area network | network | software | SCENT - System Customs Enforcement Network, a structure for the exchange of urgent information between national authorities on fraudulent evasion of customs and agricultural regulations, as well as on drug trafficking. Acronym: SCENT Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: SCENT - international | trade | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - A protocol that describes how information is passed between reporting devices and data collection programs. It can be used to gather information about hosts on the Internet. Acronym: SMTP Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - computer | electronic mail | internet | network protocol | protocol | world wide web | Slider - Mechanism that allows a tandem axle suspension to be moved back and forth at the rear of a semitrailer, for the purpose of adjusting the distribution of weight between the axles and fifth wheel. Reference: Truck Writers of North America (TWNA)Related Terms: Slider - fixed tandem | sliding tandem | trucking | Sliding Tandem - Mechanism that allows a tandem axle suspension to be moved back and forth at the rear of a semitrailer, for the purpose of adjusting the distribution of weight between the axles and fifth wheel. Reference: Truck Writers of North America (TWNA)Related Terms: Sliding Tandem - fixed tandem | slider | trucking | START-UP - Supplies for Technological Advanced Requirements Through Users Protocols, a STATEL. A CADDIA programme on the interchange of electronic data between Eurostat and the national statistical offices. Acronym: START-UP Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: START-UP - international | trade | Text-Graphics Integration - The necessary indexing and linkages between a computer readable text file and a separate computer readable graphics file, or graphics subsection of the same text file, such that both portions can be output or updated as a single, apparently continuous, unit. Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics Agency Department of Defense, United States Government "Military Handbook 59-A" 1993Related Terms: Text-Graphics Integration - computer | document | file | graphics standard | information | integration | text file | Transit Shipment - A shipment passing between one port and another, or between a port and a final destination.Related Terms: Transit Shipment - port | shipment | TWE - Technology, Work and Environment, a FAST project. Acronym: TWE Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: TWE - international | trade | Twelve - The membership of the EC after 1986. Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: Twelve - international | trade | Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit - Standardized unit for measuring container capacity on ships, railcars, etc. Acronym: TEU Reference: Truck Writers of North America (TWNA)Related Terms: Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit - container | trucking | VISIMAR - Visualization and Simulation of Marine environmental Processes, an Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs). Bilateral agreement between the EC and other countries where the latter voluntarily agree to limit the volume of their exports to the EC of particular products. Acronym: VISIMAR Reference: Professor Derek Urwin, Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K., http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~pol028/index.htmRelated Terms: VISIMAR - international | trade | X.400 - Defines the special rules for transmission of a message which may include text, pictures, and graphics, and allows information to be transmitted between computers, without specific manufacturer restrictions. [Ed. a series of recommendations from CCITT]. Adapted from: "Canadian Participation in the Development of EDI Standards" 1991. Included with permission Reference: ECRC University of Scranton / Defense Logistics AgencyRelated Terms: X.400 - computer | data | exchange | interface | network | protocol | standard | telecommunications | X.25 | X.500 |
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